Article
Review Article
Korean J Gastroenterol 2024; 84(6): 243-250
Published online December 25, 2024 https://doi.org/10.4166/kjg.2024.108
© The Korean Society of Gastroenterology.
Characteristics of Gastric Mucosa-associated Lymphoid Tissue Lymphoma in Korea
우리나라 위 점막연관림프조직 림프종의 임상적 특징
김태우, 김준성
Correspondence to: Joon Sung Kim, Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 56 Dongsu-ro, Bupyeong-gu, Incheon 21431, Korea. Tel: +82-32-280-5052, Fax: +82-32-280-5082, E-mail: kijoons@hanmail.net, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9158-1012
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
The prevalence of gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma in Korea has not been reported largely because, it is a relatively rare disease. Gastric MALT lymphoma is clinically important because of the high prevalence of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) in Korea. The endoscopic findings of gastric MALT lymphoma are diverse, and it is often challenging to differentiate from gastric adenocarcinoma. Adequate tissue acquisition and testing for H. pylori are required for diagnosis. Neck, chest, and abdominopelvic CT scans should be performed with detailed patient history taking and a physical examination for accurate disease staging. The treatment for gastric MALT lymphoma depends on the disease stage and include H. pylori eradication therapy, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy. This manuscript summarizes the etiology, clinical characteristics, diagnosis, and treatment of gastric MALT lymphoma in Korea.
KeywordsGastric MALT lymphoma; Helicobacter pylori
한국에서 원발성 위 림프종의 약 56%는 MALT 림프종(gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma, MALT)으로 알려져 있다.1 MALT 림프종은 위 점막에서 가장 흔하게 발생하며, 그 다음으로는 눈, 폐, 침샘, 대장, 그리고 소장에서 발생하는 것으로 보고된다.2 국내에서 위 MALT 림프종의 유병률에 대한 정확한 데이터는 부족하나, 임상적으로 드물게 접하는 질환으로 간주된다. 위 MALT 림프종은 한국에서 임상적으로 중요한 질환이다. 이는 한국 내 헬리코박터 파일로리(
1. 병인
1) H. pylori 감염
-
Table 1 Characteristics of Studies Reporting Responses Following Eradication Therapy as First-Line Treatment in Korea
Study Year Study period n/N (%) Lugano stage Modified Ann Arbor stage H. pylori infection statusComplete remission Overall survival Kim et al.9 2007 1996–2006 99/99 (100%) I Present, 99 84 (85%) Choi et al.8 2013 2003–2012 56/66 (85%) I, 55
II1, 1Present, 53
Absent, 1340 (71%) Ryu et al.10 2014 2000–2012 48/57 (84%) I, 47
II1 or more, 10Present, 43
Absent, 1436 (75%) Min et al.11 2014 2000–2010 162/194 (84%) I, 189
II, 4
IV, 1Present, 154
Absent, 40137 (85%) Gong et al.12 2016 1995–2014 345/345 (100%) IE1, 306
IE2, 14
IIE, 6
IIIE, 2
IV, 17Present, 317
Absent, 28284 (82%) Kim et al.13 2016 2001–2014 47/54 (87%) I, 49
II or more, 5Present, 42
Absent, 1238 (81%) Kim et al.14 2021 2000–2018 779/1,164 (67%) I, 1038
II, 56
III/IV, 69Present 873
Absent 28810-year overall survival rate 99.5% Jung et al.15 2023 2004–2021 58/65 (89%) IE, 56
IIE, 8
IV, 1Present, 43
Absent, 2239 (67%) n, number of patients who underwent
H. pylori eradication therapy as first-line treatment; N, total number of patients.
2) 유전자 변이
전위(translocation) 돌연변이 t(11;18)(q21;q21)는 위 MALT 림프종과 관련된 가장 흔한 유전학적 이상으로, 전체 환자의 15-24%에서 발견된다.25,26
2. 임상적 특징
위 MALT 림프종 환자는 주로 무증상이거나 소화불량 및 상복부 통증과 같은 비특이적인 증상을 보인다.30 그 외에도 식욕 부진, 체중 감소, 오심, 구토, 조기 포만감 등을 보일 수 있으며, 발열, 식은땀, 체중 감소 등의 B 증상이나 위 출혈은 드물다. 위 MALT 림프종은 상부 위장관 내시경 검사를 통해 진단되며, 궤양, 미란, 홍반을 동반할 수 있고 불규칙한 형태와 지도상 모양으로 나타날 수 있다. 주로 전정부 또는 하부체부에서 호발하며, 내시경 분류법은 표준화되지 않았으나 크게 돌출형(exophytic type), 궤양 침윤형(ulcer-infiltrative type), 표재형(superficial type), 기타형으로 구분할 수 있다.31,32 국내에서는 표재형이 가장 흔하며, 이 병변은 다시 다발성 미란형(multiple erosion type), 점막하종양형(submucosal type), 표면함몰형(IIc-like type), 조약돌 점막형(cobble-stone-mucosa type), 부분적 점막주름 비후형(partial-fold-swelling type), 그리고 퇴색형(discoloration type)으로 나눌 수 있다.33 다양한 병변이 다발성으로 나타날 수 있어 무작위 생검을 비정상 부위에서 수행하는 것이 필요하다. 또한, 점막 침범 없이 점막하층을 침범할 수 있으므로 충분한 조직 확보가 중요하다.34,35 국내에서 보고된 위 MALT 림프종의 다양한 내시경 소견에 대하여 Table 2에 기술하였다.34-39 최근 연구에서는
-
Table 2 Clinical Characteristics of 7 Gastric MALT Lymphoma Cases in Korea
Study Year Age Sex Symptom Endoscopic finding Location Stage H. ylori infection statusTreatment Choi et al.34 (Case 1) 2010 46 F Screening endoscopy Submucosal tumor type Low-Body Posterior wall Modified Ann
Arbor stage IE1Present Endoscopic mucosal resection followed by H. pylori eradication therapyChoi et al.34 (Case 2) 2010 55 M Screening endoscopy Submucosal tumor type Cardia Modified Ann
Arbor stage IE2No record Wedge resection followed by H. pylori eradication therapy and chemotherapyPark et al.35 2020 55 M Screening endoscopy Submucosal tumor type Fundus Posterior wall Modified Ann
Arbor stage IIE1Absent Endoscopic submucosal dissection followed by radiotherapy Kim et al.36 2021 75 M Hematemesis Submucosal tumor type Cardia Modified Ann
Arbor stage IE2Absent Laparoscopic wedge resection Choi37 2022 42 F Referral for gastric mass Elevated nodular lesion (Type IIa) Mid-Body Posterior wall Lugano stage IE Present H. ylori eradication therapy followed by endoscopic submucosal dissectionGu et al.38 2023 70 F Loss of appetite Ulcerative type Low-Body Antrum Modified Ann
Arbor stage I1EPresent H. ylori eradication therapy Laparoscopic distal gastrectomy with a D1 lymph node dissection and partial omentectomyChoi et al.39 2023 38 M Screening endoscopy IIc-like type
Discoloration typeAngle Greater curvature No record Present Endoscopic submucosal dissection followed by H. pylori eradication therapy
3. 진단
위 MALT 림프종이 의심될 경우,
4. 조직 소견
위 MALT 림프종의 조직학적 특징 중 하나는 종양 세포가위선(gland) 또는 선와(crypt)를 파괴하여 나타나는 '림프상피 병변(lymphoepithelial lesion)'이다.50,51 그러나 림프상피 병변은 만성 위염 등의 염증 상태에서도 나타날 수 있다.52 최근 연구에서 위 MALT 림프종을 만성 위염 및 반응성 림프 증식과 구별하는데 IRTA1과 MNDA가 도움이 될 수 있음을 보고하였다.53 위 MALT 림프종은 pan-B 항원인 CD19, CD20, CD79a를 발현하며 변연부 B 세포의 전형적인 면역 표현형을 보인다.54
5. 병기 설정
위 MALT 림프종의 병기는 주로 Modified Ann Arbor system을 사용하나, 이 분류는 림프절 침범이 있는 림프종의 분류를 위해 개발되었기 때문에 원발성 위 림프종의 분류에는 적합하지 않다는 의견도 있다. 최근에는 Lugano staging system이 위 MALT 림프종의 분류에 널리 사용되고 있다.55 또한, 림프종의 종양 침윤 깊이와 림프절 침범 범위를 보다 정확하게 평가하기 위해 Paris staging system을 사용하기도 한다.56
6. 치료
1) 제균 치료
Wotherspoon 등은
2) 방사선 및 항암 치료
방사선 치료는 위 및 주변 림프절에 30–40 Gy를 15–20회 조사하며, 초기 단계의 위 MALT 림프종에서 90–100%의 완전 관해율을 보인다.65,66 제균 치료 후 호전이 없거나
위 MALT 림프종이 원위 림프절이나 다른 장기로 전이된 경우에는 항암 치료를 시행하며, 한 국내 연구에서는 항암 치료를 받은 stage III 및 IV 환자에서 94.6%의 높은 10년 생존율을 보고하였다.14,71 표준 항암 치료법은 아직 확립되지 않았으나, 비호지킨 림프종의 항암요법으로 사용되는 rituximab cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, prednisone 또는 rituximab, cyclophosphamide, vincristine, prednisone을 병합하여 치료한다.72
최근 국내에서는
7. 추적 관찰 및 예후
위 MALT 림프종의 관해 여부를 평가하기 위한 첫 검사는치료 후 3–6개월에 시행하며, 이후 임상적 및 조직학적 완전 관해가 확인될 때까지 4–6개월 간격으로 추적 관찰을 시행한다.73
-
Table 3 Wotherspoon Scoring system for Gastric MALT Lymphoma6
Score Description 0 Normal 1 Chronic active gastritis 2 Chronic active gastritis with florid lymphoid follicle formation 3 Suspicious lymphoid infiltrate in lamina propria, probably reactive 4 Suspicious lymphoid infiltrate in lamina propria, probably lymphoma 5 Gastric MALT lymphoma
위에서 발견되는 원발성 림프종의 약 절반은 MALT 림프종이다. 위 MALT 림프종은 온순한 경과를 보이며, 임상적으로 드물게 접하는 질환이다. 그러나 한국은 위 MALT 림프종의 발병과 깊은 상관관계가 있는
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Conflict of interest
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Article
Review Article
Korean J Gastroenterol 2024; 84(6): 243-250
Published online December 25, 2024 https://doi.org/10.4166/kjg.2024.108
Copyright © The Korean Society of Gastroenterology.
Characteristics of Gastric Mucosa-associated Lymphoid Tissue Lymphoma in Korea
Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Incheon St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
Correspondence to:Joon Sung Kim, Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 56 Dongsu-ro, Bupyeong-gu, Incheon 21431, Korea. Tel: +82-32-280-5052, Fax: +82-32-280-5082, E-mail: kijoons@hanmail.net, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9158-1012
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Abstract
The prevalence of gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma in Korea has not been reported largely because, it is a relatively rare disease. Gastric MALT lymphoma is clinically important because of the high prevalence of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) in Korea. The endoscopic findings of gastric MALT lymphoma are diverse, and it is often challenging to differentiate from gastric adenocarcinoma. Adequate tissue acquisition and testing for H. pylori are required for diagnosis. Neck, chest, and abdominopelvic CT scans should be performed with detailed patient history taking and a physical examination for accurate disease staging. The treatment for gastric MALT lymphoma depends on the disease stage and include H. pylori eradication therapy, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy. This manuscript summarizes the etiology, clinical characteristics, diagnosis, and treatment of gastric MALT lymphoma in Korea.
Keywords: Gastric MALT lymphoma, Helicobacter pylori
서 론
한국에서 원발성 위 림프종의 약 56%는 MALT 림프종(gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma, MALT)으로 알려져 있다.1 MALT 림프종은 위 점막에서 가장 흔하게 발생하며, 그 다음으로는 눈, 폐, 침샘, 대장, 그리고 소장에서 발생하는 것으로 보고된다.2 국내에서 위 MALT 림프종의 유병률에 대한 정확한 데이터는 부족하나, 임상적으로 드물게 접하는 질환으로 간주된다. 위 MALT 림프종은 한국에서 임상적으로 중요한 질환이다. 이는 한국 내 헬리코박터 파일로리(
본 론
1. 병인
1) H. pylori 감염
-
Table 1 . Characteristics of Studies Reporting Responses Following Eradication Therapy as First-Line Treatment in Korea.
Study Year Study period n/N (%) Lugano stage Modified Ann Arbor stage H. pylori infection statusComplete remission Overall survival Kim et al.9 2007 1996–2006 99/99 (100%) I Present, 99 84 (85%) Choi et al.8 2013 2003–2012 56/66 (85%) I, 55
II1, 1Present, 53
Absent, 1340 (71%) Ryu et al.10 2014 2000–2012 48/57 (84%) I, 47
II1 or more, 10Present, 43
Absent, 1436 (75%) Min et al.11 2014 2000–2010 162/194 (84%) I, 189
II, 4
IV, 1Present, 154
Absent, 40137 (85%) Gong et al.12 2016 1995–2014 345/345 (100%) IE1, 306
IE2, 14
IIE, 6
IIIE, 2
IV, 17Present, 317
Absent, 28284 (82%) Kim et al.13 2016 2001–2014 47/54 (87%) I, 49
II or more, 5Present, 42
Absent, 1238 (81%) Kim et al.14 2021 2000–2018 779/1,164 (67%) I, 1038
II, 56
III/IV, 69Present 873
Absent 28810-year overall survival rate 99.5% Jung et al.15 2023 2004–2021 58/65 (89%) IE, 56
IIE, 8
IV, 1Present, 43
Absent, 2239 (67%) n, number of patients who underwent
H. pylori eradication therapy as first-line treatment; N, total number of patients..
2) 유전자 변이
전위(translocation) 돌연변이 t(11;18)(q21;q21)는 위 MALT 림프종과 관련된 가장 흔한 유전학적 이상으로, 전체 환자의 15-24%에서 발견된다.25,26
2. 임상적 특징
위 MALT 림프종 환자는 주로 무증상이거나 소화불량 및 상복부 통증과 같은 비특이적인 증상을 보인다.30 그 외에도 식욕 부진, 체중 감소, 오심, 구토, 조기 포만감 등을 보일 수 있으며, 발열, 식은땀, 체중 감소 등의 B 증상이나 위 출혈은 드물다. 위 MALT 림프종은 상부 위장관 내시경 검사를 통해 진단되며, 궤양, 미란, 홍반을 동반할 수 있고 불규칙한 형태와 지도상 모양으로 나타날 수 있다. 주로 전정부 또는 하부체부에서 호발하며, 내시경 분류법은 표준화되지 않았으나 크게 돌출형(exophytic type), 궤양 침윤형(ulcer-infiltrative type), 표재형(superficial type), 기타형으로 구분할 수 있다.31,32 국내에서는 표재형이 가장 흔하며, 이 병변은 다시 다발성 미란형(multiple erosion type), 점막하종양형(submucosal type), 표면함몰형(IIc-like type), 조약돌 점막형(cobble-stone-mucosa type), 부분적 점막주름 비후형(partial-fold-swelling type), 그리고 퇴색형(discoloration type)으로 나눌 수 있다.33 다양한 병변이 다발성으로 나타날 수 있어 무작위 생검을 비정상 부위에서 수행하는 것이 필요하다. 또한, 점막 침범 없이 점막하층을 침범할 수 있으므로 충분한 조직 확보가 중요하다.34,35 국내에서 보고된 위 MALT 림프종의 다양한 내시경 소견에 대하여 Table 2에 기술하였다.34-39 최근 연구에서는
-
Table 2 . Clinical Characteristics of 7 Gastric MALT Lymphoma Cases in Korea.
Study Year Age Sex Symptom Endoscopic finding Location Stage H. ylori infection statusTreatment Choi et al.34 (Case 1) 2010 46 F Screening endoscopy Submucosal tumor type Low-Body Posterior wall Modified Ann
Arbor stage IE1Present Endoscopic mucosal resection followed by H. pylori eradication therapyChoi et al.34 (Case 2) 2010 55 M Screening endoscopy Submucosal tumor type Cardia Modified Ann
Arbor stage IE2No record Wedge resection followed by H. pylori eradication therapy and chemotherapyPark et al.35 2020 55 M Screening endoscopy Submucosal tumor type Fundus Posterior wall Modified Ann
Arbor stage IIE1Absent Endoscopic submucosal dissection followed by radiotherapy Kim et al.36 2021 75 M Hematemesis Submucosal tumor type Cardia Modified Ann
Arbor stage IE2Absent Laparoscopic wedge resection Choi37 2022 42 F Referral for gastric mass Elevated nodular lesion (Type IIa) Mid-Body Posterior wall Lugano stage IE Present H. ylori eradication therapy followed by endoscopic submucosal dissectionGu et al.38 2023 70 F Loss of appetite Ulcerative type Low-Body Antrum Modified Ann
Arbor stage I1EPresent H. ylori eradication therapy Laparoscopic distal gastrectomy with a D1 lymph node dissection and partial omentectomyChoi et al.39 2023 38 M Screening endoscopy IIc-like type
Discoloration typeAngle Greater curvature No record Present Endoscopic submucosal dissection followed by H. pylori eradication therapy
3. 진단
위 MALT 림프종이 의심될 경우,
4. 조직 소견
위 MALT 림프종의 조직학적 특징 중 하나는 종양 세포가위선(gland) 또는 선와(crypt)를 파괴하여 나타나는 '림프상피 병변(lymphoepithelial lesion)'이다.50,51 그러나 림프상피 병변은 만성 위염 등의 염증 상태에서도 나타날 수 있다.52 최근 연구에서 위 MALT 림프종을 만성 위염 및 반응성 림프 증식과 구별하는데 IRTA1과 MNDA가 도움이 될 수 있음을 보고하였다.53 위 MALT 림프종은 pan-B 항원인 CD19, CD20, CD79a를 발현하며 변연부 B 세포의 전형적인 면역 표현형을 보인다.54
5. 병기 설정
위 MALT 림프종의 병기는 주로 Modified Ann Arbor system을 사용하나, 이 분류는 림프절 침범이 있는 림프종의 분류를 위해 개발되었기 때문에 원발성 위 림프종의 분류에는 적합하지 않다는 의견도 있다. 최근에는 Lugano staging system이 위 MALT 림프종의 분류에 널리 사용되고 있다.55 또한, 림프종의 종양 침윤 깊이와 림프절 침범 범위를 보다 정확하게 평가하기 위해 Paris staging system을 사용하기도 한다.56
6. 치료
1) 제균 치료
Wotherspoon 등은
2) 방사선 및 항암 치료
방사선 치료는 위 및 주변 림프절에 30–40 Gy를 15–20회 조사하며, 초기 단계의 위 MALT 림프종에서 90–100%의 완전 관해율을 보인다.65,66 제균 치료 후 호전이 없거나
위 MALT 림프종이 원위 림프절이나 다른 장기로 전이된 경우에는 항암 치료를 시행하며, 한 국내 연구에서는 항암 치료를 받은 stage III 및 IV 환자에서 94.6%의 높은 10년 생존율을 보고하였다.14,71 표준 항암 치료법은 아직 확립되지 않았으나, 비호지킨 림프종의 항암요법으로 사용되는 rituximab cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, prednisone 또는 rituximab, cyclophosphamide, vincristine, prednisone을 병합하여 치료한다.72
최근 국내에서는
7. 추적 관찰 및 예후
위 MALT 림프종의 관해 여부를 평가하기 위한 첫 검사는치료 후 3–6개월에 시행하며, 이후 임상적 및 조직학적 완전 관해가 확인될 때까지 4–6개월 간격으로 추적 관찰을 시행한다.73
-
Table 3 . Wotherspoon Scoring system for Gastric MALT Lymphoma6.
Score Description 0 Normal 1 Chronic active gastritis 2 Chronic active gastritis with florid lymphoid follicle formation 3 Suspicious lymphoid infiltrate in lamina propria, probably reactive 4 Suspicious lymphoid infiltrate in lamina propria, probably lymphoma 5 Gastric MALT lymphoma
결 론
위에서 발견되는 원발성 림프종의 약 절반은 MALT 림프종이다. 위 MALT 림프종은 온순한 경과를 보이며, 임상적으로 드물게 접하는 질환이다. 그러나 한국은 위 MALT 림프종의 발병과 깊은 상관관계가 있는
Financial support
None.
Conflict of interest
None.
-
Table 1 Characteristics of Studies Reporting Responses Following Eradication Therapy as First-Line Treatment in Korea
Study Year Study period n/N (%) Lugano stage Modified Ann Arbor stage H. pylori infection statusComplete remission Overall survival Kim et al.9 2007 1996–2006 99/99 (100%) I Present, 99 84 (85%) Choi et al.8 2013 2003–2012 56/66 (85%) I, 55
II1, 1Present, 53
Absent, 1340 (71%) Ryu et al.10 2014 2000–2012 48/57 (84%) I, 47
II1 or more, 10Present, 43
Absent, 1436 (75%) Min et al.11 2014 2000–2010 162/194 (84%) I, 189
II, 4
IV, 1Present, 154
Absent, 40137 (85%) Gong et al.12 2016 1995–2014 345/345 (100%) IE1, 306
IE2, 14
IIE, 6
IIIE, 2
IV, 17Present, 317
Absent, 28284 (82%) Kim et al.13 2016 2001–2014 47/54 (87%) I, 49
II or more, 5Present, 42
Absent, 1238 (81%) Kim et al.14 2021 2000–2018 779/1,164 (67%) I, 1038
II, 56
III/IV, 69Present 873
Absent 28810-year overall survival rate 99.5% Jung et al.15 2023 2004–2021 58/65 (89%) IE, 56
IIE, 8
IV, 1Present, 43
Absent, 2239 (67%) n, number of patients who underwent
H. pylori eradication therapy as first-line treatment; N, total number of patients.
-
Table 2 Clinical Characteristics of 7 Gastric MALT Lymphoma Cases in Korea
Study Year Age Sex Symptom Endoscopic finding Location Stage H. ylori infection statusTreatment Choi et al.34 (Case 1) 2010 46 F Screening endoscopy Submucosal tumor type Low-Body Posterior wall Modified Ann
Arbor stage IE1Present Endoscopic mucosal resection followed by H. pylori eradication therapyChoi et al.34 (Case 2) 2010 55 M Screening endoscopy Submucosal tumor type Cardia Modified Ann
Arbor stage IE2No record Wedge resection followed by H. pylori eradication therapy and chemotherapyPark et al.35 2020 55 M Screening endoscopy Submucosal tumor type Fundus Posterior wall Modified Ann
Arbor stage IIE1Absent Endoscopic submucosal dissection followed by radiotherapy Kim et al.36 2021 75 M Hematemesis Submucosal tumor type Cardia Modified Ann
Arbor stage IE2Absent Laparoscopic wedge resection Choi37 2022 42 F Referral for gastric mass Elevated nodular lesion (Type IIa) Mid-Body Posterior wall Lugano stage IE Present H. ylori eradication therapy followed by endoscopic submucosal dissectionGu et al.38 2023 70 F Loss of appetite Ulcerative type Low-Body Antrum Modified Ann
Arbor stage I1EPresent H. ylori eradication therapy Laparoscopic distal gastrectomy with a D1 lymph node dissection and partial omentectomyChoi et al.39 2023 38 M Screening endoscopy IIc-like type
Discoloration typeAngle Greater curvature No record Present Endoscopic submucosal dissection followed by H. pylori eradication therapy
-
Table 3 Wotherspoon Scoring system for Gastric MALT Lymphoma6
Score Description 0 Normal 1 Chronic active gastritis 2 Chronic active gastritis with florid lymphoid follicle formation 3 Suspicious lymphoid infiltrate in lamina propria, probably reactive 4 Suspicious lymphoid infiltrate in lamina propria, probably lymphoma 5 Gastric MALT lymphoma
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